Introduction to Statistical Analysis

• Explain the difference between a sample and a population
• Explain the difference between an experimental research design and a non-experimental research design
• Explain the difference between independent and dependent variables

Examine Individual Variables

• Describe the levels of measurement used in IBM SPSS Statistics
• Use graphs to examine variables
• Use summary measures to examine variables
• Explain normal distributions
• Explain standardized scores and their use

Test Hypotheses-Theory

• Explain the difference between a sample and a population
• Design a test of a hypothesis
• Explain the alpha level
• Explain the difference between statistical and practical significance
• Describe the two types of errors in testing a hypothesis

Test Hypotheses about Individual Variables

• Explain the sampling distribution of a statistic
• Explain the difference between the standard deviation and the standard error
• Use the One-Sample T Test to test a hypothesis about a population mean
• Use the Paired-Samples T Test to test on an “”before-after treatment”” effect
• Use the Binomial Test to test a hypothesis about a population proportion

Test the Relationship between Categorical Variables

• Use the Chart Builder to visualize the relationship between two categorical variables
• Use percentages in Crosstabs to describe the relationship between two categorical variables
• Use the Chi-Square test in Crosstabs to test the relationship between two categorical variables

Test the Difference between the Means of Two Groups

• Use the Chart Builder to create an error bar and boxplot to visualize the difference between groups
• Use Explore and Means to describe the differences between groups
• Use the Independent-Samples T Test to test whether the difference between two group means is statistically significant

Test the Differences between More than Two Group Means

• Use One-Way ANOVA to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between means of three or more groups
• Use post hoc tests to identify differences between group means

Test the Relationship between Scale Variables

• Use the Chart Builder to create a scatterplot to assess the relationship between two scale variables
• Explain when the correlation can be used
• Perform a hypothesis test on the correlation

Predict a Scale Variable

• Use Regression to predict a scale variable with one or more scale variables
• Use Automatic Linear Modeling to predict a scale variable with categorical and scale variables

Use Nonparametric Tests

• Describe when Nonparametric Tests should and can be used
• Use Nonparametric Tests for two or more independent samples
• Use Nonparametric Tests for two dependent samples